Pod pojmom sir prvo se pomisli na bijele sireve kakvi su kod nas poznati, dok se ovim pojmom u Evropi označava ono što mi potpuno nepravilno nazivamo kačkavaljem, koji je samo jedan od mnogih tvrdih i starih sireva.

Mnoge zemlje su poznate po proizvodnji sira, ali je u tome najčuvenija Francuska. U ovoj zemlji se proizvodi najveći broj različitih sireva, a njihov kvalitet je vrhunski.

Čak je i bivši francuski predsjednik i nezvanični otac nacije Šarl de Gol jednom prilikom šaljivo izjavio kako je veoma teško upravljati zemljom koja ima čak 246 vrsta sira. U njegovo vrijeme je možda i bilo toliko vrsta, ali danas ih ima blizu hiljadu.

Svaki francuski region ima neki svoj sir ili čak nekoliko njih. Sirevi, isto kao i vino, imaju svoj teroar (terroire) što je zapravo njihova „biometrijska“ karakteristika. Osnovne karakteristike teroara su klima, zemljište, topografija i okolno rastinje i od svega toga zavisi i kvalitet sireva, baš kao i kvalitet vina. Francuski sirevi su zato mnogo više od obične prehrambene namirnice, oni su najbolji suvenir i predstavnik svoje regije, a pažljivi degustator će u svakom zalogaju prepozati osnovne karakteristike teroara.

Kultura spravljanja sireva je veoma stara i kompleksna. Sirevi se ostavljaju u specifičnim uslovima gdje dozrijevaju uz pomoć raznih bakterija. Prema dužini zrenja razlikuju se i sirevi. Jedan te isti sir može imati više ukusa u zavisnosti od dužine zrenja (6, 12 ili čak 24 mjeseca). Što su stariji to su tvrđi i imaju jači ukus.

Njihova raznolikost je veoma značajna i za konzumaciju. Neki su kremasti i mogu se mazati, drugi su mekani i jedu se nakon što se prethodno otope, a treći su tvrdi i obično se rendaju preko jela.

Maroilles

Jedan je od prvih najstarijih sireva sa koricom. Nastao je još u X vijeku u opatiji u gradiću Maroilles u Pikardiji, po kome je i dobio ime. Monasima je nedostajala slanina za vrijeme posta pa su željeli da proizvedu sir sa ukusom slanine. Tako je nastao Maroilles, kravlji sir, četvrtastog oblika. Ima tvrdu i hrskavu narandžastu koricu dok je unutra kremast. Odlično ide uz pivo.

Brie de Meaux

Jedan od najpoznatijih sireva na svijetu je bri (brie) i danas ga mnogi proizvode, ali je samo jedan zapravo pravi bri, onaj koji dolazi iz grada Mo (Meaux) nedaleko od Pariza. Bri se zapravo proizvodi na farmama u oblastima pored Sene zapadno od Pariza, ali je tržnica u gradu Mo prva i najbliža gdje se ovaj sir prodavao. Parižani ovaj kramasti kravlji sir sa ukusom gljiva smatraju svojim.

Camembert

Kamember (camembert) je sličan siru brie, a za to postoji savršeno objašnjenje. Nakon francuske revolucije, jedan je pariski sveštenik bježao od vlasti. On je pokušao da se domogne Engleske preko Normandije gdje ga je u selu Camembert krila jedna mještanka. Kako bi joj se zahvalio on joj je otkrio recept za sir iz Pariza (bio je to brie), a ona je po tom receptu kasnije proizvela svoj sir koji je postao popularan u Normandiji i dobio ime po selu gdje je nastao.

Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine

U Francuskoj postoji mnogo različitih kozjih sireva. Prema nekim tvrdnjama tamo se pravi 1000 različitih sireva od kozjeg mlijeka. Jedan od najboljih i najomiljenijih je onaj koji se proizvodi u mjestu Sen Mor de Turen (Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine) u dolini Loare nedaleko od grada Tur. Neobičnog je oblika. Izgleda kao kobasica, korica mu je pepljasta i hrapava. Ne treba ga mješati sa sirom koji se zove Sainte-Maure, to je industrijska verzija, koja nije ni blizu originala.

Roquefort

Rokfor (roquefort) je prvi sir koji je dobio zaštićen status u Francuskoj još 1920. To je takozvani plavi sir, odnosno sir sa plemenitim plijesnima. Napravljen je od ovčijeg mlijeka, a porijeklom je iz sela Roquefort-sur-Soulzon.

Comte

Konte (comte) sir je jedan od omiljenih francuskih sireva iz regiona Franš-Konte na granici sa Švajcarskom. Proizvodi se u ogromnim koturovima koji mogu da budu teški i preko 40 kilograma. Sir se ostavlja da zri od nekoliko mjeseci do čak četiri godine. Ima voćkast ukus, a u zavisnosti od dužine zrenja može biti mekan ili veoma tvrd. Proizvodi se u planskim selima Jure gdje postoje brojne seoske zadruge koje se bave njegovom proizvodnjom i čuvanjem koturova dok ne dostignu željenu starost.

Epoisses

Možda je Burgonja poznata po svom vrhunskom vinu, ali ni sa sirevima ne stoje ništa slabije. Epoisses je sir koji ne treba propustiti. Mekani sir se preliva kominom iz lokalnih destilerija dok traje proces zrenja što mu daje raskošnu aromu.

Brocciu

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Korzika ima jedan od najomiljenijih francuskih sireva. Brocciu je mekan, kremast, ovčiji sir sličan rikoti. Koristi se za spremanje raznih slatkih i slanih jela, a čizkejk napravljen od njega je preukusan.

Traditional Salers

Ovaj sir iz Salera u centralnoj Francuskoj je sličan čedar siru. Ima veoma strogu proceduru proizvodnje u kojoj se koristi isključivo mlijeko od krava sa lokalnih pašnjaka. Zbog toga ga pravi samo pet proizvođača u regionu francuskog Centralnog masiva.

Mimolette

Sa sjevera Francuske stiže trvd i veoma aromatičan sir za koji se kaže da je nastao u inat Holanđanima. Mimolette dobija na kvalitetu što je stariji.

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